Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) Recycling Market in Russia and the worldwide

Abstract

Introduction

1. Characteristics of Different Types of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB)

1.1 NMC

1.2 LFP

1.3 NCA

1.4 LCO (Lithium Cobalt)

1.5 LMO (Lithium Manganese)

1.6 LTO (Lithium Titanate)

2. Generation and Collection of Waste Li-ion Batteries (Regional Features)

3. Environmental Issues of Landfilling Li-ion Batteries

4. Overview of the Main Li-ion Batteries Recycling Technologies

5. General Characteristics of the Global Market for Waste Li-ion Batteries and "Black Mass"

6. Main Trade Flows of Waste Li-ion Batteries and "Black Mass" Globally (2021-2025)

Waste Li-ion Batteries

Black Mass

7. Global Practices for Recycling Waste Li-ion Batteries

8. Key Countries Playing in the Global "Black Mass" Market "Light Mass"

China

South Korea

Japan

USA

Other Countries

9. Key Companies Playing the Global Market for "Light Mass"

GEM (China)

Brunp Recycling (China)

Huayou Cobalt (China)

Jiangxi Yichun Lithium Industry (China)

Umicore (Belgium)

Cirba Solutions (USA)

Redwood Materials (USA)

Sumitomo Metal Mining (Japan)

Dowa Eco-System (Japan)

AE Elemental (Poland)

10. Pricing in the Market for Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries and Light Mass

11. The Market for Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries in the Russian Federation

12. Key Companies Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries in the Russian Federation

Megapolisresurs Group (Chelyabinsk)

NPP Ecotrom LLC (Moscow)

National Ecological Company LLC (Yaroslavl)

Russian Cobalt LLC (Sverdlovsk Region)

Project to establish a LIB recycling facility in Dzerzhinsk

13. Patent review of LIB recycling in the Russian Federation

14. Analysis of the regulatory framework for LIB recycling

15. Forecast of recycling volumes for spent LIBs globally and in Russia until 2030

Appendix: Contact information for the main LIB recyclers in Russia

Table 1: Content of Main Components per 1 GWh of Li-ion Batteries, Tons

Table 2: Summary Table of Characteristics of Different Types of Li-ion Batteries

Table 3: Structure of the Purchasing Network for Waste Li-ion Batteries in China

Table 4: Structure of the Purchasing Network for Waste Li-ion Batteries in the EU

Table 5: Estimated Purchase Prices for Waste Li-ion Batteries from the Population (2025), USD/kg

Table 6: Main Methods of Li-ion Battery Recycling

Table 7: Main Foreign Companies Using Pyrometallurgical Methods for Li-ion Battery Recycling

Table 8: Characteristics of the "Gray" and "Black" Markets for Waste Li-ion Batteries and "Black Mass"

Table 9: Estimated Costs of Legal and Illegal Recycling of 1 Ton of NMC Mass, Thousands of USD

Table 10: Main Exporting countries of spent LIB in 2022-2025, thousand tons

Table 11: US exports of spent LIB in 2022-2025, thousand tons

Table 12: Commercial classification of "black pulp"

Table 13: China's black pulp standard GB/T 45203-2024

Table 14: Chinese imports of "black pulp" in 2021-2025,

Table 15: Average annual price of Chinese imports of "black pulp" in 2021-2025, USD/kg

Table 16: Distribution of global LIB recycling capacity by region in 2022-2025, thousand tons

Table 17: Waste recycling by world region in 2022-2025

Table 18: Planned suppliers of production scrap to the AE Elemental (Poland) LIB recycling plant, tons/month

Table 19: Suppliers of used electric vehicle batteries to the AE Elemental (Poland) LIB recycling plant, %

Table 20: Fundamental comparison of exchange and contract trading of black mass

Table 21: Selected indicators of the contract for the supply of black mass between AE Elemental (Poland) and Umicore (Belgium)

Table 22: Russian LIB imports in 2021-2024

Table 23: Types of Used Lithium-Ion Batteries and FCC Codes

Table 24: Data on Used Lithium-Ion Batteries Recycling in the Russian Federation, tons

Table 25: Electronic waste containing used lithium-ion batteries recorded by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources in 2024, tons

Table 26: Estimated recycling rate for used lithium-ion batteries in the Russian Federation, EU, and China in 2025, thousand tons, %

Table 27: Cost structure of lithium-ion battery recycling in 2025, $/ton

Table 28: Russian Federation patents for inventions in the field of used lithium-ion battery recycling

Table 29: Comparative legal analysis of used lithium-ion battery recycling

Table 30: Legislative innovations regarding lithium-ion batteries in China, the EU, the US, and India in 2024-2025

Table 31: Forecast of collection of used LIB for recycling in the world up to 2030, thousand tons

Figure 1: Main Industries Supplying Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries, %

Figure 2: Assessment of the Application of Key Lithium-Ion Batteries Processing Technologies, %

Figure 3: Flowchart of the AE Elemental Lithium-Ion Batteries Processing Plant (Poland)

Figure 4: Flowchart of JSC Giredmet for Extracting Valuable Metals from Black Metals

Figure 5: Estimated Distribution of Legal and Illegal "Black Metal" Flows Globally in 2025, %

Figure 6: Main Black Metal Flows in World Trade in 2025

Figure 7: China's Share of Global Lithium-Ion Batteries Processing and Production Capacity in 2022-2025, %

Figure 8: Global Black Metals Composition by Chemical Type in 2025, %

Figure 9: GEM's Lithium-Ion Batteries Recycling Flow

Figure 10: Structural diagram of the LIB recycling plant in Dzerzhinsk

Figure 11: Dynamics of global patenting of inventions on LIB recycling in 1992–2025, conventional units